Important terminology for approaching the Edexcel iGCSE Unseen Poetry part of the exam. Arabic translations included for English Language Learners.
| Vocabulary | Definition | ||
| 1 | Simile | التشبيه في علم بلاغة | When something is compared to another using ‘like’ or ‘as’ |
| 2 | Metaphor | تشابه مستعار | When something is compared to another through description as if it ‘is’ that thing |
| 3 | Personification | تجسيد | Giving something human characteristics |
| 4 | Pathetic Fallacy | مغالطة للشفقة | When weather or the environment reflects the mood of the text or characters |
| 5 | Repetition | تكرار | The deliberate inclusion of a word or phrase multiple times |
| 6 | Tone | نغمة | The feeling and mood that the text is presented in. |
| 7 | Abstract Noun | اسما مجردا | A noun demonstrating an idea or quality rather than a concrete object: love |
| 8 | Adjective | الصفة | Modifying a noun with more detail regarding amount and physical appearance |
| 9 | Verb | الفعل | Words indicating action |
| 10 | Adverb | ظرف حال | Modifying a verb with more detail regarding the intensity of an action |
| 11 | Refrain | امتنع | A phrase repeated in a poem often at the end of stanzas |
| 12 | Blank Verse | آية فارغة | Unrhymed text in iambic pentameter (beating of the heart) |
| 13 | Caesura | انقطاع | A deliberate break or pause within a line of poetry for emphasis |
| 14 | Free Verse | شعر حر | Unrhyming text with no regular rhythm |
| 15 | Enjambment | The continuation of a sentence over a line break | |
| 16 | Sonnet | السونيتة قصيدة من 14 بيتا | A 14 line poem, traditionally about love, ending in a rhyming couplet |
| 17 | Ballad | أغنية راقصة | A narrative poem telling a story, usually meant to be sung or spoken out loud |
| 18 | Volta | فولتا | A turn, or sudden change, in thought, tone or direction in a poem |
| 19 | Meter | متر | The way of measuring the rhythm of a poem through stressed and unstressed syllables |
| 20 | Form | شكل | The overall structure of a poem and how this contributes to the meaning |
| 21 | Allusions | التلميحات | References to other literary works or events in history |
| 22 | Sibilance | صفير | Close repetition of ‘s’ sounds |
| 23 | Alliteration | جناس | Close repetition of a sound within a text |
| 24 | Assonance | سجع | Close repetition of a vowel sound: A, E, I, O, U |
| 25 | Consonance | الإنسجام | Close repetition of consonant sounds |
| 26 | Octave | أوكتاف | Eight line stanza |
| 27 | Sestet | Six line stanza | |
| 28 | Quatrain | الرباعية | Four line stanza |
| 29 | Tercet | مقطع ثلاثي في الشعر | Three line stanza |
| 30 | Strophe | الأستروفية جزء من قصيدة | A stanza of irregular line lengths |
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